Psychology Ch 14 - Quizzes Studymoose (2024)

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1. Who defined stress as, "the response of the body to any demand, whether it is caused by, or results in, pleasant or unpleasant conditions"?

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Hans Selye

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2. A demanding or threatening event is often called a(n) ________.

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stressor

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3. Which type of appraisal involves judgment about the degree of potential harm or threat to well-being that a stressor might entail?

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primary

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4. A stressor is likely to be appraised as a threat when someone ________.

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anticipates that it could lead to some kind of harm, loss, or other negative consequence

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5. What triggers the secondary appraisal of a stressor?

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how a threat is perceived

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6. ________ is the kind of stress associated with positive feelings, as well as optimal health and performance.

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eustress

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7. ________ is the kind of stress that exceeds the optimal level, is no longer a positive force, and becomes excessive and debilitating.

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distress

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8. ________ is a state of intense engagement in an activity; it is usually experienced while participating in creative work and leisure endeavors.

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Flow

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9. Which kind of psychology seeks to identify and promote those qualities that lead to happy, fulfilled, and contented lives?

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positive psychology

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10. Optimism is a tendency toward a(n) ________.

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positive outlook and positive expectations

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11. ________ is stress-reduction technique whereby electronic equipment measuring a person's involuntary (neuromuscular and autonomic) activity helps him gain a level of voluntary control over these processes.

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biofeedback

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12. The concept of perceived control refers to ________.

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beliefs about the capacity to influence and shape outcomes in our lives

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13. Which term refers to mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress, including the cause and the unpleasant feelings and emotions it produces?

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Coping

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14. The relaxation response technique is a stress reduction technique that combines elements of relaxation and ________.

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meditation

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15. Who said, "The intensity and chronicity of human stress is governed largely by perceived control over the demands of one's life"?

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Albert Bandura

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16. Guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and tangible assistance are all examples of ________.

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Social support

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17. A high-stress job, overcrowding, and long commutes to work are examples of the way some psychologists conceptualize stress as a ________.

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demanding or threatening event or situation

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18. Which of the following is an example of a stimulus-based definition of stress?

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Caroline experiences stress because she is home alone and hears unusual noises outside

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19. Which of the following is a good example of a response-based definition of stress?

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Bruce experiences stress because his heart rate increased when he noticed Jack had a knife.

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20. Which of the following is an example of a stressor?

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being in a car accident

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21. Which of the following is an example of a primary appraisal of a stressor?

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Humphrey judges the man with the gun to be a moderate threat.

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22. A stressor would be appraised as a ________ if someone anticipates that it could lead to some kind of harm, loss, or other negative consequence; however, if someone believes that it carries the potential for gain or personal growth, it would be appraised as a ________.

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threat; challenge

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23. Which of the following is an example of eustress?

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training for a marathon

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24. People who reach the ________ level of stress feel burned out; they are fatigued, exhausted, and their performance begins to decline.

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distress

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25. Noticing that you have difficulty concentrating during and after periods of prolonged stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.

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cognitive

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26. Developing stomach ulcers during a prolonged period of stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.

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physiological

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27. Jade hears a rattle. When she turns around she sees a rattlesnake inches from her leg. Her pupils dilate, her heart pounds, and she begins to sweat. This response is called the ________ response.

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fight or flight

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28. Which of the following is an example of the alarm reaction stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

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A burst of energy enables Hassan to run fast when he sees a skunk in his path

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29. Which of the following is an example of the resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

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Tyrique almost falls out of the tree, but he grabs a branch, and now that the danger of falling has passed, he focuses his energy and attention on getting down from the tree safely.

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30. Which of the following is an example of the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

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Latricia has been lost in the woods for days. After such a long period of anxiety and fear, Latricia collapses by a tree.

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31. Rush hour traffic, lost keys, obnoxious coworkers, and inclement weather are all examples of a(n) ________.

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daily hassle

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32. Taylor is a social worker. He is overworked, his caseload is overwhelming, and he no longer believes that what he does on a day-to-day basis has any real impact or improves anyone's life. Taylor is probably suffering from ________.

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Job burnout

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33. Doug is an emergency room nurse in a large, underfunded, public hospital. Lately, he finds himself assuming that the patients he sees are just trying to get free drugs to feed an addiction. Just yesterday a little boy was brought in with a broken arm, and Doug found that he was completely indifferent to the boy's pain. What aspect of job burnout does this exemplify?

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depersonalization

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34. Rheumatoid arthritis is considered a(n) ________ disease because it involves the body mistaking its own healthy cells for invaders and repeatedly attacking them.

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autoimmune

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35. Dr. Frobish possesses a ________ behavior pattern because she is an intensively driven workaholic, preoccupied with deadlines, and always seems to be in a rush.

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Type A

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36. A(n) ________ attack is often triggered by environmental factors, such as air pollution, allergens, cigarette smoke, airway infections, cold air or a sudden change in temperature, and exercise.

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asthma

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37. Lamont cares for his aging father, who suffers from dementia. This is an example of a(n) ________ stressor.

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chronic

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38. Brizan has just lost his job. He is proactive in trying to resolve this source of stress: He immediately uses the Internet to look up other jobs in his field and plans to eliminate non-essentials from his budget to make his savings last longer. Which type of coping approach is Brizan using?

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problem focus

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39. Advice, guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and financial help are all examples of ________.

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social support

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40. Noomi seems to live by the "don't sweat the small stuff" concept. She is relaxed, laid-back, and never seems too concerned about meeting deadlines or finishing a to-do list. Noomi has a ________ personality.

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Type B

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41. Hans Selye's definition of stress is considered a response-based definition because it conceptualizes stress chiefly in terms of the ________.

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body's physiological reaction to any demand that is placed on it

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42. What do studies show about the relationship between stress and memory?

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moderate stress can enhance both immediate and delayed recall of educational material

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43. In Hans Selye's rat study, rats that were exposed to stressors over a long period of time showed signs of ________.

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adrenal enlargement, thymus and lymph node shrinkage, and stomach ulceration

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44. Which of the following is a negative effect of extended cortisol release caused by chronic or prolonged stress?

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The immune system is weakened

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45. Researchers who studied people injured in the 9/11 attacks found that the injured later suffered from ________. These results demonstrate how stress is linked to the development and progression of a variety of physical illnesses and diseases.

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significantly elevated rates of heart disease

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46. What is one reason that more affluent individuals may experience better health?

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They tend to believe they can personally control and manage their reaction to life's stressors.

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47. Which of the following is not one of the three aspects of job burnout?

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wanting to quit

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48. Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease because it ________.

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forces the heart to pump harder, which puts more physical strain on the heart

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49. Which of the following is a reason that depression is associated with heart disease?

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Depression may increase the likelihood of living an unhealthy lifestyle, which increases the risk of heart disease.

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50. Is anger suppression or anger expression a more effective approach for coping with racism?

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Some research shows anger suppression is more effective while other research shows anger expression is more effective.